ROLE OF SPORTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED MOOD PROFILE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ATHLETES HAVING DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES

Background: Role of sports in the development of mood states or association between sports participation and different mood state is a topic debate for decades (Vitale, La Torre, Baldassarre, Piacentini, & Bonato, 2017). The main purpose of the study was role of sports in the development of selected mood profile: a comparative study of athletes having different demographic attributes. The hypotheses of the study were there is significant gender wise difference of athletes in selected mood profile, there is significant coaching style wise difference of athletes in selected mood profile, there is significant playing environment wise difference of athletes in selected mood profile and there is significant individual vs. team sports difference in selected mood profile of athletes. Methods: Total 1430 elite athletes were entertained using available sampling technique. Modified version of profile of mood states (POMs) was used as an instrument. Results: The researcher found that female score significantly better than male athletes in tension, depression anger, fatigue and confusion but not in vigor as well as athletes having supportive coach score better in total mood disturbance than athletes having controlling coach. Conclusions: The researcher concluded that the athlete who practicing in hot environment score better in total mood disturbance than athletes who played in cool environment. As well as the athletes from individual sports score better in total mood disturbance than team sports participant. The researcher recommended that the athletes should get special attention from the coach with special reference to psychological management of the athletes. The athletes should participate in individual sports to avoid tension depression and other psychological problems.  Â

ROLE OF SPORTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED MOOD PROFILE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ATHLETES HAVING DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES

Background: Role of sports in the development of mood states or association between sports participation and different mood state is a topic debate for decades (Vitale, La Torre, Baldassarre, Piacentini, & Bonato, 2017). The main purpose of the study was role of sports in the development of selected mood profile: a comparative study of athletes having different demographic attributes. The hypotheses of the study were there is significant gender wise difference of athletes in selected mood profile, there is significant coaching style wise difference of athletes in selected mood profile, there is significant playing environment wise difference of athletes in selected mood profile and there is significant individual vs. team sports difference in selected mood profile of athletes. Methods: Total 1430 elite athletes were entertained using available sampling technique. Modified version of profile of mood states (POMs) was used as an instrument. Results: The researcher found that female score significantly better than male athletes in tension, depression anger, fatigue and confusion but not in vigor as well as athletes having supportive coach score better in total mood disturbance than athletes having controlling coach. Conclusions: The researcher concluded that the athlete who practicing in hot environment score better in total mood disturbance than athletes who played in cool environment. As well as the athletes from individual sports score better in total mood disturbance than team sports participant. The researcher recommended that the athletes should get special attention from the coach with special reference to psychological management of the athletes. The athletes should participate in individual sports to avoid tension depression and other psychological problems.  

EFFECT OF ROLE CLARITY ON JOB PERFORMANCE OF INSTRUCTORS PHYSICAL EDUCATION (IPES) OF SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Role Clarity (RC) on the Job Performance (JP) of Instructor Physical Education (IPEs) working in higher secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods: The study was conducted in southern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (LakkiMarwat, Bannu, D.I.khan and Tank). There are 141 (89 male and 52 female) IPEs working in different Higher Secondary Schools (Educational Management Information System [EMIS], 2019). A sample of 141 IEPs was chosen using the stratified sampling method. The survey research design was applied for this paper. A questionnaire was used based on the Five Point Likert scale for data collection. The validation of the data collection tool was done through index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC) whereas the reliability score was estimated (RC=0.861, JP=0.872) through Cronbach’s Alpha. Pearson Product Movement Correlation, Linear Regression, and Independent sample t-test were used as inferential statistics.  Results: The result of the study shows that there is a positive relationship between Role clarity and Job performance. The study concluded that the job performance of IPEs determined through how IPEs clear about their job. If IPEs have a clear vision about their job then it can make a significant contribution to their job performance. More precisely, higher role clarity leads to higher job performance. The result also indicates that there is a significant difference in the male and female IPEs Performance. Conclusion: The study concluded that male IPEs perform well as compared to female IPEs in terms of subject matter knowledge, assessment strategies, and communication skills

Genetic dissection of Ni toxicity in a spring wheat diversity panel by using 90 K SNP array

Excess Ni intake has harmful implications on human health, which include chronic bronchitis, reduced lung function, and cancer of lung and nasal sinuses. Like other toxic metals, higher Ni accumulation in grains leads to excess intake by humans when the contaminated grains are consumed as food. There is little information about the genetic factors that regulate Ni uptake in plants. To investigate genetic architecture of Ni uptake in leaf and translocation to grain, we performed a genome-wide association study with genotyping from 90 K array in a historical bread wheat diversity panel from Pakistan. We observed that Ni toxicity caused more than 50 % reductions in biological yield and grain yield, other agronomic traits were also partly or severely affected. Genetic association study helped identify 23 SNP-trait associations involved in Ni uptake in leaf and translocation to grains. These 23 SNPs covered 15 genomic loci at chromosomes 1A, 2D, 3B, 4A and 4B of wheat. The favorable alleles of these SNPs were randomly distributed in subpopulations indicating no selection pressure for this trait during breeding improvement. These regions had 283 low-confidence and 248 high-confidence protein coding genes. Among these, 156 were annotated using databases of wheat and closely related grass species. Since there is no previous report on genetic information of Ni uptake and translocation, these results provide sufficient grounds for further research of candidate genes and varietal development.Peer reviewe

EFFECT OF ROLE CLARITY ON JOB PERFORMANCE OF INSTRUCTORS PHYSICAL EDUCATION (IPES) OF SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Role Clarity (RC) on the Job Performance (JP) of Instructor Physical Education (IPEs) working in higher secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods: The study was conducted in southern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (LakkiMarwat, Bannu, D.I.khan and Tank). There are 141 (89 male and 52 female) IPEs working in different Higher Secondary Schools (Educational Management Information System [EMIS], 2019). A sample of 141 IEPs was chosen using the stratified sampling method. The survey research design was applied for this paper. A questionnaire was used based on the Five Point Likert scale for data collection. The validation of the data collection tool was done through index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC) whereas the reliability score was estimated (RC=0.861, JP=0.872) through Cronbach’s Alpha. Pearson Product Movement Correlation, Linear Regression, and Independent sample t-test were used as inferential statistics.  Results: The result of the study shows that there is a positive relationship between Role clarity and Job performance. The study concluded that the job performance of IPEs determined through how IPEs clear about their job. If IPEs have a clear vision about their job then it can make a significant contribution to their job performance. More precisely, higher role clarity leads to higher job performance. The result also indicates that there is a significant difference in the male and female IPEs Performance. Conclusion: The study concluded that male IPEs perform well as compared to female IPEs in terms of subject matter knowledge, assessment strategies, and communication skills

Genome-wide association study identifies five new cadmium uptake loci in wheat

Safdar, Luqman Bin/0000-0002-9544-8259WOS: 000559970200012PubMed: 33016603Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a serious threat to future food security and health safety. To identify genetic factors contributing to Cd uptake in wheat, we conducted a genome-wide association study with genotyping from 90K SNP array. A spring wheat diversity panel was planted under normal conditions and Cd stress (50 mg Cd/kg soil). the impact of Cd stress on agronomic traits ranged from a reduction of 16% in plant height to 93% in grain iron content. Individual genotypes showed a considerable variation for Cd uptake and translocation subdividing the panel into three groups: (1) hyper-accumulators (i.e. high Leaf(_Cd) and low Seed(_Cd)), (2) hyper-translocators (i.e. low Leaf(_Cd) and high Seed(_Cd)), and (3) moderate lines (i.e. low Leaf(_Cd) and low Seed(_Cd)). Two lines (SKD-1 and TD-1) maintained an optimum grain yield under Cd stress and were therefore considered as Cd resistant lines. Genome-wide association identified 179 SNP-trait associations for various traits including 16 for Cd uptake at a significance level of P < .001. However, only five SNPs were significant after applying multiple testing correction. These loci were associated with seed-cadmium, grain-iron, and grain-zinc: qSCd-1A, qSCd-1D, qZn-2B1, qZn-2B2, and qFe-6D. These five loci had not been identified in the previously reported studies for Cd uptake in wheat. These loci and the underlying genes should be further investigated using molecular biology techniques to identify Cd resistant genes in wheat.National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFD0101001]; Higher Education Commision, Pakistan [HECNRPU-3825]The National Key Research and Development Program of China, Grant/Award Number: 2016YFD0101001; Higher Education Commision, Pakistan, Grant/Award Number: HECNRPU-382